Electrical discharging rectifier with a plurality of anodes



Jan. 23, 1934. w. GERMERSHAUSEN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGING RECTIFIER WITH A PLURALITY OF ANODES Filed Dec. 20, 1928 Patented Jan. 23, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGING RECTIFIER WITH A PLURALITY F ANODES "Werner Germershausen, Berlin-Oberschoneweide, Germany 8 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in discharge rectifiers comprising a plurality of anodes such for example as rectifiers provided with glowing cathodes. The object of the improvements is to provide a rectifier of this class in which provision is made for preventing arcing or discharge between the anodes, and with this object in view my invention consists in disposing a body of conductive material between the anodes having imperforate or solid walls adjacent said anodes and having surface areas sufficient to shield the anodes from one another, the distance between the margins of said walls having a dimension similar to the width of said walls. In the preferred form the body comprises two solid plates of conductive material located near the anodes and perfectly shielding the same, the said plates being electrically connected with each other so that they have the same potential. By the said solid body an equi-potential field is produced between the anodes by means of which the length of way of the discharge cannot take place parallel to the equi-potential lines.

By providing my improved shielding device the electrodes can be placed close to each other without giving rise to arcing or discharge between the anodes, and therefore my improved system is particularly useful in connection with rectifiers in which the leading-in wires of all the electrodes are passed through a common machinemade press.

For the purpose of explaining the invention several examples embodying the same have been shown in the accompanying drawing, in which the same letters of reference have been used in all the views to indicate corresponding parts. In said drawing Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical sectional elevation of the rectifier showing the evacuated envelop or receptacle, the electrodes, the shield and the source of electric energy connected with the rectifier,

Fig. 2 is an elevation as viewed from the left in Fig. 1,

Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional elevations similar to those shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and showing a modification,

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatioal elevation showing a modification of the electrodes and the shielding device of the rectifier,

Fig. 6 is an elevation as viewed from the left in Fig. 5, and

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatical elevation of the example shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and illustrating the shielding function of the shielding device.

In Figs. 1 and 2 I have shown a rectifier comprising a glowing cathode k and two anodes a and o The leading-in wires 0 of the cathode and the leading-in wires d and ll of the anodes are passed through the press q. Thus the distances between the electrodes a a and it are small and in order to obtain the necessary disruptive resistance 1 produced an equi-potential field between the anodes. In the example shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the said field is produced by a body consisting of two solid or imperforate plates s and s of conductive material'located respec-, tively near the anodes a and a and having surface areas larger than the areas of the anodes so as to shield the same from each other, the said plates being electrically connected with each other by means of a bridge I) of conductive material supported on a leading-in wire 2 passed through the press q. The body composed of the plates 3 s is electrically connected with a source of electric energy applying an electrical-potential thereto, and in the example shown in the figures it is electrically connected with the cathode is through a high-ohmic resistance 10 located outside the envelop ,f of the rectifier. Within the envelop fthe leading-in wires 01 and d are shielded relatively to each other by insulating tubes r and 1' made for example from quartz or glass, so that no discharge or arcing takes'place between the said leading-in wires.

Fig. 1 shows a known system for supplying electric energy to the rectifier. The said system comprises a transformer having a primary P and two secondaries A and H. The secondary A is connected by the leads al and at with the anodes a and a the secondary H is connected by the leads 0 with the glowing cathode, and the body b, s s is connected by the lead a and through the resistance w with the median point of the secondary H. The direct current is taken from the system through leads h.

In Figs. 3 and 4 I have shown a modification which is similar in construction to the example illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and the same letters of reference have been applied to corresponding parts. As distinguished from the example shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the solid plates s and s shielding the anodes from each other are made concave, the cavities of the said plates being directed outwardly and enclosing the anodes a and a In Figs. 5 and 6 I have shown a rectifier in 1 having a Value similar in the form and number of the grids according to the shape of the shieldss the voltage applied to the system, and other conditions.

In Fig. 7 I have shown a diagram illustrating how in my opinion the high efficiency of my im proved system may be explained. In the said figure the same reference characters have been used as in Figs. 1 and 2. The lines of force Z emanating from the anodes are subject to a drop in potential, but there is no drop of potential between the plates 3 and s which are electri cally connected with each other and which produce an equi-potential field represented in the figure by the dotted lines m. The lines of force 2 cannot run parallel to the equi-potemial lines m, but they have the tendency to cross the same, and they are turned back thereby and towards the plates s and s Thereby arcing or discharge between the anodes is prevented.

I claim:

1. An electrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated receptacle, a cathode and a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, and a body of conductive material between said anodes having solid walls adjacent the said anodes, said walls having areas larger than the areas of said anodes, the dimension between the margins of said surface areas having a value similar to the width of said areas, and said body being concave at the sides adjacent said anodes and encompassing said anodes.

2. An electrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated receptacle, a cathode and a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, and concave solid plates of conductive material electrically connected withreach other and disposed with their concave surfaces away from one another and encompassing said anodes.

3. Anelectrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated receptacle, a cathode and a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, a body of conductive material between said anodes having solid walls adjacent the said anodes, said walls having areas larger than the areas of said anodes, the distance between the margins of said walls to the width of said area, and open-work shields located at the sides of said anodes remote from said body.

4. An electrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated receptacle, a cathode and a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, and a body of conductive material between said anodes having solid walls adjacent the said anodes, said walls having areas larger than the areas of said anodes, the distance between the margins of said walls having a value similar to the width of said areas, open-work shields of conductive material located at the sides of said anodes remote from said body and electrically connected with said body.

5. An electrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated receptacle, an incandescible cathode and a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, and a body of conductive material between said anodes having solid walls conductively interconnected and adjacent the said anodes and separate from said anodes, said walls extending at all sides beyondthe rectilinear lines connecting any points of said anodes and the distance between the margins of said walls having a value similar to the width of said walls.

6. An electrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated receptacle, an incandescible cathodeand a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, a body of conductive material between said anodes having solid walls adjacent the said anodes and separate from said anodes, said walls extending at all sides beyond the rectilinear lines connecting any points of said anodes and the distance between the margins of said walls having a value similar to the width of said walls, and

a high-oh1nic resistance intermediatesaid body and said cathode.

7. An electrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated receptacle, a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, an incandescible cathode located in a plane passing between the said anodes, and a body of conductive material between said anodes comprising a pair of solid walls adjacent the said anodes and a cross-member of resistance substantially zero connecting the said 1 walls, said walls extending at all sides beyond the rectilinear lines connecting any points of said anodes and the distance between the margins of said walls having a value similar to the width of said walls.

8. An electrical discharge rectifier, comprising an evacuated. receptacle, a plurality of anodes within said receptacle, an incandescible cathode located in a plane passing between the said anodes, a body of conductive material between said anode comprising a pair of solid Walls adjacent the said anodes and a cross-member of a resistance substantially zero connecting the said walls, said walls extending at all sides beyond thereotilinear lines connecting points of said anodes WERNEB GERMERSHAUSEN. 

